Optics and electronics are linked by a quantum phenomenon

An international research team headed by Professor Ralph Claessen, quantum physicist from Würzburg and co-spokesperson of ct.qmat, has now made a crucial discovery. “For the first time, we’ve been able to generate and experimentally detect quasiparticles known as excitons in a topological insulator. We’ve thus created a new toolkit for  that can be used to control electrons optically,” Claessen says. “This principle could become the basis for a new type of electronic components.”

Credit: University of Würzburg

Excitons are electronic quasiparticles. Although they seem to behave like independent particles, they actually represent an excited electronic state that can only be generated in certain types of quantum matter. “We created excitons by applying a short light pulse to a thin film consisting of just one single layer of atoms,” explains Claessen. What’s unusual about this, he says, is that the excitons were activated in a topological insulator—something that wasn’t possible before. “This has opened up a completely new line of research for topological insulators,” adds Claessen.

For about ten years, excitons have been investigated in other two-dimensional semiconductors and regarded as information carriers for light-driven components. “For the first time, we’ve managed to optically excite excitons in a topological insulator. The interaction between light and excitons means we can expect new phenomena in such materials. This principle could be used, for example, to generate qubits,” says Claessen.

Qubits are computing units for quantum chips. They’re far superior to traditional bits and allow to solve tasks within minutes for which conventional supercomputers would literally take years.i Using light instead of electrical voltage enables quantum chips with much faster processing speeds. The latest findings therefore pave the way for future  and a new generation of light-driven devices in microelectronics.

Global expertise from Würzburg

The right starting material is crucial—in this case bismuthene. “It’s the heavy sibling of the miracle material graphene,” says Claessen, who first tailored the topological insulator in the lab five years ago. “We’re the global leaders in this field,” he adds.

“Due to our sophisticated materials design, the atoms of the single layer of bismuthene are arranged in a honeycomb pattern, just like graphene. The difference is that bismuthene’s heavy atoms make it a topological , meaning it can conduct electricity along the edge without loss—even at room temperature. This can’t be done by graphene.”

Huge potential

Now that the research team has generated excitons in a  for the first time, attention is being turned to the quasiparticles themselves.

Scientists at ct.qmat are investigating whether bismuthene’s topological properties are transferred to excitons. Proving this scientifically is the next milestone that the researchers have their sights on. It could even pave the way for the construction of topological qubits, which are considered particularly robust compared to their non-topological counterparts.

Source: A new milestone for light-driven electronics

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